/* --- Variables --- */
:root {
  --accent: #b8a9c9;
  --accent-soft: rgba(184, 169, 201, 0.35);
  --accent-star: rgba(200, 180, 220, 0.4);
  /* Lavender for text on white: ~6.3:1 contrast (WCAG AA normal text); lighter --accent is for UI fills only */
  --lavender-text: #6a5980;
  --text: #2d2d2d;
  --text-muted: #5a5a5a;
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --font-sans: "DM Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --header-height: 6.5rem;
  --container-max: 72rem;
}

/* --- Reset & base --- */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--bg);
  min-height: 100vh;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* --- Header --- */
.case-study-owner-name {
  margin: 1rem auto 0;
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 7vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.05;
  color: #111;
}

.site-header {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 10;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  min-height: var(--header-height);
}

.logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.logo img,
.brand-logo {
  width: clamp(5rem, 22vw, 8rem);
  height: clamp(5rem, 22vw, 8rem);
  object-fit: contain;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .logo img,
  .brand-logo {
    width: 10rem;
    height: 10rem;
  }
}

/* --- Navigation --- */
.nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.nav-list {
  display: none;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.nav-list.is-open {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  background: var(--bg);
  box-shadow: 0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  z-index: 20;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .nav-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
  }

  .nav-list.is-open {
    position: static;
    padding: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: none;
  }
}

.nav-list a {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text);
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, font-weight 0.15s ease;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .nav-list a {
    padding: 0.65rem 0;
    min-height: 2.75rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
}

.nav-list a:hover,
.nav-list a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.nav-list a[aria-current="page"] {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.nav-toggle {
  padding: 0.65rem;
  min-width: 2.75rem;
  min-height: 2.75rem;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--text);
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin-left: 0.75rem;
}

.nav-toggle:hover,
.nav-toggle:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(184, 169, 201, 0.15);
}

.nav-toggle-bar {
  display: block;
  width: 1.25rem;
  height: 2px;
  background: currentColor;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

/* --- Site footer (same categories as header nav + back to top) --- */
.site-footer {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem) 1.5rem clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
  text-align: center;
}

.site-footer-nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  /* More space below the line than above (matches reference footer) */
  padding-top: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.25rem);
}

.site-footer-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2rem);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.site-footer-list a {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text);
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, font-weight 0.15s ease;
}

.site-footer-list a:hover,
.site-footer-list a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.site-footer-list a[aria-current="page"] {
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* --- Hero --- */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: min(100dvh, calc(100vh - var(--header-height)));
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 3rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .hero {
    min-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-height));
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem 4rem;
  }
}

.hero-sparkles {
  position: absolute;
  top: 40%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: min(18rem, 40vw);
  height: auto;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
  will-change: transform;
  contain: layout style paint;
}

.hero-sparkles svg {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.hero-sparkles-left {
  left: 16%;
}

.hero-sparkles-right {
  right: 16%;
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 36rem;
  padding: 0 0.25rem;
  transform: translateY(clamp(-2rem, -5vw, -4rem));
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .hero-content {
    transform: translateY(clamp(-6rem, -8vw, -4rem));
  }
}

.hero h1 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 6.8vw, 3.6rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: var(--text);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.hero-emoji {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.15em;
}

.hero-tagline {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2.7vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Scroll hint: "projects" label + down caret below intro */
.hero-scroll-hint {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  align-self: center;
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
}

.hero-scroll-label {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3.5vw, 1.85rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  display: inline-block;
  cursor: default;
}

.hero-scroll-letter {
  display: inline-block;
  transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
  animation: hero-letter-ripple 2.5s ease-in-out infinite;
  animation-delay: calc(var(--i) * 0.06s);
}

@keyframes hero-letter-ripple {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0) scale(1); }
  12% { transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.2); }
  24% { transform: translateY(0) scale(1); }
}

.hero-scroll-caret {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  color: #6b7280;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
  align-self: center;
}

.hero-scroll-caret:hover,
.hero-scroll-caret:focus-visible {
  color: var(--text);
  transform: translateY(2px);
}

.hero-scroll-caret-icon {
  display: block;
  width: 4rem;
  height: 4rem;
  animation: hero-caret-bounce 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes hero-caret-bounce {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
  50% { transform: translateY(0.25rem); }
}

/* --- Projects section (home) --- */
.projects {
  padding: 0;
  margin-top: -4rem;
  padding-bottom: 4.5rem;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
}

@media (min-width: 36em) {
  .projects {
    margin-top: -7rem;
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .projects {
    margin-top: -10rem;
  }
}

.projects-inner {
  max-width: 90rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.project-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .project-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1.75rem;
  }
}

/* Hide a project slot until you’re ready (remove class + aria-hidden from the article) */
.project-card--hidden {
  display: none;
}

/* Card: top box (image only) + pills entirely below */
.project-card a {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 18rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.project-card a:hover,
.project-card a:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .project-card a:hover,
  .project-card a:focus-visible {
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* Top box: gradient, fully rounded, image only — bigger and wider */
.project-card-topbox {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 28rem;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  border-radius: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease;
  width: 100%;
}

.project-card a:hover .project-card-topbox,
.project-card a:focus-visible .project-card-topbox {
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.project-card-1 .project-card-topbox {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #7c6b9e 0%, #b88fa8 50%, #e8b4c4 100%);
}

.project-card-2 .project-card-topbox {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #7ba3c9 0%, #a8c8e0 50%, #d4e8f5 100%);
}

.project-card-3 .project-card-topbox {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #f8fafb 0%, #e8f0f5 50%, #dce8f0 100%);
}

.project-card-4 .project-card-topbox {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #faf8fb 0%, #f0e8f5 50%, #eadef0 100%);
}

/* Guiding Guardians: single responsive mockup (laptop + phones) — same card height as others */
.project-card-topbox--gg-thumb {
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.project-card-1 .project-card-topbox--gg-thumb,
.project-card-4 .project-card-topbox--gg-thumb {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 28rem;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: #fff;
}

.project-card-1 .project-card-gg-hero-img,
.project-card-4 .project-card-gg-hero-img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 26rem;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .project-card-topbox {
    min-height: clamp(14rem, 72vw, 22rem);
    padding: 1.35rem 1rem;
  }

  .project-card-1 .project-card-topbox--gg-thumb,
  .project-card-4 .project-card-topbox--gg-thumb {
    min-height: clamp(15rem, 78vw, 24rem);
    padding: 0.65rem 0.75rem;
  }

  .project-card-1 .project-card-gg-hero-img,
  .project-card-4 .project-card-gg-hero-img {
    max-height: min(22rem, 70vw);
  }

  .project-card-thumb-overlay-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 6vw, 1.85rem);
  }
}

/* Hover / focus: dimmed overlay + centered title */
.project-card-thumb-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.58);
  border-radius: 1.5rem;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.28s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.project-card-1 a:hover .project-card-thumb-overlay,
.project-card-1 a:focus-visible .project-card-thumb-overlay,
.project-card-4 a:hover .project-card-thumb-overlay,
.project-card-4 a:focus-visible .project-card-thumb-overlay {
  opacity: 1;
}

.project-card-thumb-overlay-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 5vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #fff;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Mockup sits inside top box only — bigger and wider */
.project-card-mockup {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 36rem;
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.project-card-1 .project-card-mockup,
.project-card-2 .project-card-mockup {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

/* Pills: entirely below the top box, no card wrapper around them */
.project-card-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 1rem 0 0;
  margin-top: 0;
}

.project-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.95rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: #2d2d2d;
  background: #f3f3f4;
  border: 1px solid #e0e0e3;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

/* Work page: case study cards (simpler layout) — only when card has .project-body */
.projects .project-card a:has(.project-body) {
  background: #fff;
  min-height: auto;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}

.projects .project-card a:has(.project-body):hover,
.projects .project-card a:has(.project-body):focus-visible {
  box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.projects .project-card a:has(.project-body) .project-link-hint {
  display: none;
}

.projects .project-card .project-body {
  padding: 1.2rem 1.2rem 1.35rem;
}

.projects .project-card .project-thumb {
  min-height: 8.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(184, 169, 201, 0.22), rgba(255, 214, 246, 0.45));
}

.projects .project-card .project-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.projects .project-card .project-meta {
  margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.projects .project-card .project-copy {
  margin: 0 0 0.8rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* --- Decorative stars (pastel lavender) --- */
.hero-decoration {
  pointer-events: none;
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero-star {
  width: clamp(6rem, 18vw, 12rem);
  height: clamp(6rem, 18vw, 12rem);
  background: var(--accent-star);
  clip-path: polygon(
    50% 0%,
    61% 35%,
    98% 35%,
    68% 57%,
    79% 91%,
    50% 70%,
    21% 91%,
    32% 57%,
    2% 35%,
    39% 35%
  );
}

.hero-star-1 {
  top: 5%;
  right: 10%;
  transform: rotate(-15deg);
}

.hero-star-2 {
  top: 8%;
  right: 25%;
  transform: rotate(10deg);
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.hero-star-3 {
  top: 35%;
  left: 5%;
  transform: rotate(5deg);
  opacity: 0.7;
}

.hero-star-4 {
  bottom: 15%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(-8deg);
  opacity: 0.6;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .hero-star-1,
  .hero-star-2 {
    width: 5rem;
    height: 5rem;
    top: 2%;
    opacity: 0.5;
  }

  .hero-star-2 {
    right: 15%;
  }

  .hero-star-3 {
    width: 4rem;
    height: 4rem;
    left: 0;
    opacity: 0.4;
  }

  .hero-star-4 {
    width: 5rem;
    height: 5rem;
    bottom: 10%;
    opacity: 0.35;
  }
}

/* Contact page hero image */
.contact-hero-image {
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  margin: 0;
}

/* Contact hero: image left, sparkles + heading right */
.contact-hero .hero-content {
  max-width: min(72rem, 100%);
  width: 100%;
}

.contact-hero-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 4rem);
  align-items: start;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .contact-hero-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(18rem, 1fr) minmax(16rem, 1fr);
  }
}

.contact-hero-right {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  min-height: 12rem;
}

.contact-hero-left {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  width: fit-content;
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.contact-hero-caption {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
}

.contact-sparkle-frame {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: clamp(0.5rem, 2vw, 1rem) 0;
}

.contact-sparkle-frame h1 {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
  white-space: nowrap;
  /* Keep text inside the “empty” middle between sparkles */
  padding-inline: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 6.5rem);
}

.contact-heading-letters {
  display: inline-block;
}

.contact-social-links {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 2.1rem;
  margin-top: 2.1rem;
}

.contact-linkedin,
.contact-email {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--text);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-linkedin svg,
.contact-email svg {
  width: 2.6rem;
  height: 2.6rem;
  fill: currentColor;
}

.contact-email svg {
  transform: scale(1.42);
  transform-origin: center;
}

.contact-linkedin:hover,
.contact-linkedin:focus-visible,
.contact-email:hover,
.contact-email:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* Sparkles should sit behind the right-side heading (Contact only) */
.contact-sparkle-frame .hero-sparkles {
  top: -0.9rem;
  transform: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.contact-sparkle-frame .hero-sparkles-left {
  left: -10%;
}

.contact-sparkle-frame .hero-sparkles-right {
  right: -10%;
}

/* --- About page hero (portrait + copy) --- */
.hero.hero--about {
  justify-content: flex-start;
  align-items: stretch;
  min-height: auto;
  padding-top: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.75rem);
  padding-bottom: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
  overflow: visible;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .hero.hero--about {
    min-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-height));
  }
}

.hero.hero--about .about-hero-layout {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  width: 100%;
  max-width: min(72rem, 100%);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-inline: 0;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-hero-media {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: min(640px, 72vw);
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-hero-photo {
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-hero-photo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 640px;
  border-radius: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 1rem);
  box-shadow: 0 1.25rem 3rem rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.12);
  image-rendering: auto;
  image-rendering: high-quality;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-spotify {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
}

.about-spotify-label {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.hero.hero--about .hero-content {
  transform: none;
  max-width: 36rem;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-tagline-empathy {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--lavender-text);
}

.about-hobbies {
  margin: 2.5rem 0 0;
}

.about-hobbies-label {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2.7vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--lavender-text);
}

.about-hobbies-track-wrapper {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 8%, black 92%, transparent 100%);
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 8%, black 92%, transparent 100%);
}

.about-hobbies-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  width: max-content;
  animation: hobbies-scroll 38s linear infinite;
}

.about-hobbies-track:hover {
  animation-play-state: paused;
}

.about-hobby-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.22rem 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: var(--text);
  background: #f3f3f4;
  border: 1px solid #e0e0e3;
  border-radius: 999px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

@keyframes hobbies-scroll {
  0% {
    transform: translateX(0);
  }

  100% {
    transform: translateX(-50%);
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .about-hobbies-track {
    animation: none;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

.hero.hero--about .about-typewriter {
  margin: clamp(1.35rem, 3.5vw, 2.25rem) 0 0;
  min-height: 1.5em;
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2.7vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-typewriter-cursor {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 1px;
  font-weight: 300;
  animation: about-typewriter-cursor 1s step-end infinite;
}

@keyframes about-typewriter-cursor {
  0%,
  50% {
    opacity: 1;
  }

  50.01%,
  100% {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.hero.hero--about .about-matcha-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(1.25rem, 3.5vw, 2rem);
  margin: clamp(0.35rem, 1vw, 0.65rem) 0 0;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-matcha-location {
  margin: 0 0 0 clamp(0.65rem, 2.25vw, 1.5rem);
  flex: 0 1 auto;
  align-self: center;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 3.2vw, 1.55rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.hero.hero--about .about-matcha-heart {
  width: min(100%, 260px);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  margin: 0;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  -webkit-clip-path: url(#about-matcha-heart-clip);
  clip-path: url(#about-matcha-heart-clip);
}

.hero.hero--about .about-matcha-heart-img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 42%;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-arch-heading {
  margin: 0 auto 0.85rem;
  width: min(100%, 32rem);
  max-width: 100%;
  line-height: 0;
}

.hero.hero--about .about-arch-svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  overflow: visible;
  color: var(--lavender-text);
}

.hero.hero--about .about-arch-text {
  font-family: var(--font-sans), system-ui, sans-serif;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .hero.hero--about .about-arch-heading {
    margin-inline: 0;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    width: min(100%, 34rem);
  }

  .hero.hero--about .about-hero-layout {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  }

  .hero.hero--about .about-hero-media {
    width: auto;
    max-width: min(640px, 30vw);
    flex: 0 1 auto;
    margin-inline: 0;
  }

  .hero.hero--about .hero-content {
    text-align: left;
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
  }
}

/* --- About page: mobile responsive fixes --- */
@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .hero.hero--about .about-hero-layout {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .hero.hero--about .about-hero-media {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .hero.hero--about .about-hero-photo img {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
  }

  .hero.hero--about .hero-content {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    overflow: visible;
    word-break: normal;
    overflow-wrap: normal;
  }

  .hero.hero--about .hero-tagline {
    word-break: normal;
    overflow-wrap: normal;
    white-space: normal;
    max-width: 100%;
  }

  .hero.hero--about .about-matcha-row {
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .hero.hero--about .about-matcha-heart {
    width: min(200px, 60vw);
  }

  .hero.hero--about .about-matcha-location {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .about-hobbies-track-wrapper {
    max-width: 100vw;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
}

/* --- Case study pages --- */
.case-study-main {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.25rem 1.5rem;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .case-study-main {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 2rem;
  }
}

.case-study {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Phase labels — always in-flow (no sticky) so they never layer over borders, grids, or body text */
.case-study-phase-label {
  position: relative;
  top: auto;
  z-index: 0;
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(0.625rem, 2.8vw, 0.6875rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  line-height: 1.25;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  color: var(--text);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  word-break: break-word;
  hyphens: auto;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .case-study-phase-label {
    font-size: 11px;
  }
}

.case-study-phase-label--on-green {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  color: #111;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.case-study-phase-label--on-purple {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
  color: #111;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

/* Align phase pills in content sections with full-width sections (Overview, Challenge, Empathize…) */
.case-study-section {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  text-align: left;
}

/* Keep pills in the same horizontal band as section copy — no viewport breakout (prevents overlap with layout lines / columns) */
.case-study-section > .case-study-phase-label,
.case-study-design-process > .case-study-phase-label {
  display: block;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-align: left;
}

/* Full-bleed bands: pills stay inside horizontal padding and wrap instead of overlapping copy */
.case-study-overview-banner > .case-study-phase-label,
.case-study-challenge-banner > .case-study-phase-label,
.case-study-brainstorm-banner > .case-study-phase-label,
.case-study-brainstorm-content > .case-study-phase-label,
#research.case-study-research-band > .case-study-phase-label {
  display: block;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.case-study-back {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.case-study-back:hover,
.case-study-back:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.case-study-back-to-top-nav {
  text-align: center;
}

.site-footer .case-study-back-to-top-nav {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0;
  /* Clear gap between “Back to the Top” and the divider (reference: text sits comfortably above the line) */
  margin-bottom: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  padding: 0;
}

.case-study-back-to-top {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35em;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.case-study-back-to-top:hover,
.case-study-back-to-top:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.case-study-back-to-top:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.case-study-back-to-top-arrow {
  font-size: 1.15em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.case-study-hero-video {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #111;
}

.case-study-hero-video video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: min(70vh, 560px);
  max-height: 80vh;
  object-fit: cover;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-hero-video video {
    min-height: min(38vh, 240px);
    max-height: 52vh;
  }
}

.case-study-hero-image {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
}

.case-study-hero-image img {
  display: block;
  flex: 0 1 auto;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 38rem;
  height: auto;
}

.case-study-hero-image--after-define {
  margin-top: -1.35rem;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

/* Optical center: PNG reads heavy on the right: nudge left vs heading block above */
.case-study-hero-image--after-define img {
  transform: translateX(clamp(-1.1rem, -3.25vw, -2.65rem));
}

.case-study-header {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.case-study-title-logo {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.case-study-title-logo img {
  display: block;
  height: clamp(3.5rem, 10.5vw, 5.5rem);
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.case-study-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 2.75rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--text);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.case-study-meta {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.2vw, 1.3rem);
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.case-study-lead {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2.6vw, 1.5rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.case-study-link:hover,
.case-study-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-view-site {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  padding: 0.8rem 2rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #fff;
  background: #5cb85c;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}

.case-study-view-site:hover,
.case-study-view-site:focus-visible {
  background: #4ea34e;
  color: #fff;
}

.case-study-view-site:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.case-study-view-site--prototype {
  color: #1a1a1a;
  background: #d1bbfd;
}

.case-study-view-site--prototype:hover,
.case-study-view-site--prototype:focus-visible {
  background: #b89ef0;
  color: #111;
}

/* Guiding Guardians — overview banner (full-width green) */
.case-study-overview-banner {
  width: 100vw;
  max-width: 100vw;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  /* Match The Challenge banner padding */
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  background: #5cb85c;
  color: #fff;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Resonance — overview banner (lavender; dark text) */
.case-study-overview-banner--resonance {
  background: #d1bbfd;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-cell .case-study-overview-title,
.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-subtitle {
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-cell p,
.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-cell .case-study-overview-list li {
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-cell strong {
  color: #111;
}

/* Align overview pill + grid with case-study article column (same max-width as .case-study) */
.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-banner-content {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-inner {
  max-width: none;
}

.case-study-overview-banner--resonance .case-study-overview-banner-content > .case-study-phase-label {
  display: block;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-overview-banner {
    width: calc(100% + 2.5rem);
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: -1.25rem;
    margin-right: -1.25rem;
    /* Match The Challenge banner padding (mobile) */
    padding: 3rem 1.25rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 48em) and (max-width: 55.9375em) {
  .case-study-overview-banner {
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
  }
}

.case-study-overview-inner {
  max-width: 90rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
}

/* Mobile: Overview → Role → Team → Solution → Duration */
.case-study-overview-cell--overview {
  order: 1;
}

.case-study-overview-cell--role {
  order: 2;
}

.case-study-overview-cell--team {
  order: 3;
}

.case-study-overview-cell--solution {
  order: 4;
}

.case-study-overview-cell--duration {
  order: 5;
}

@media (min-width: 56em) {
  .case-study-overview-inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) max-content max-content;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
    /* Same gap between Overview | Role | Team */
    column-gap: 3rem;
    row-gap: 2.25rem;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .case-study-overview-cell--overview,
  .case-study-overview-cell--role,
  .case-study-overview-cell--team,
  .case-study-overview-cell--solution,
  .case-study-overview-cell--duration {
    order: unset;
  }

  .case-study-overview-cell--overview {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
  }

  .case-study-overview-cell--role {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1;
    margin-left: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5rem);
  }

  .case-study-overview-cell--team {
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 1;
    /* Extra space between Role and Team (reads more even vs. wide Overview column) */
    margin-left: clamp(3rem, 6.5vw, 5.5rem);
  }

  .case-study-overview-cell--solution {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
  }

  .case-study-overview-cell--duration {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 2;
    margin-left: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 5rem);
    align-self: start;
  }
}

.case-study-team-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: max-content max-content;
  column-gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}

@media (max-width: 30em) {
  .case-study-team-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    column-gap: 0;
    row-gap: 1rem;
  }
}

.case-study-overview-cell--team > .case-study-overview-title {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.case-study-team-block .case-study-overview-subtitle {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.case-study-team-block .case-study-overview-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.case-study-overview-cell .case-study-overview-title {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.8vw, 1.65rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.case-study-overview-cell--solution .case-study-overview-title {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.case-study-overview-cell--duration .case-study-overview-title {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.case-study-overview-cell p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.1vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #fff;
}

.case-study-overview-cell p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.case-study-overview-cell strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
}

.case-study-overview-subtitle {
  margin: 1.25rem 0 0.5rem;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.1rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
}

.case-study-team-block .case-study-overview-subtitle {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.case-study-overview-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.case-study-overview-list li {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.1vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: #fff;
}

.case-study-media {
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
}

.case-study-media img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

/* Full width of article so phase-label % matches Define/Empathize; image stays capped & centered */
/* padding-top matches .case-study-overview-banner / .case-study-challenge-banner so the phase pill sits the same distance below the block top as “Overview” / “The Challenge” */
.case-study-design-process {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
  padding-top: 3rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  text-align: center;
}

.case-study-design-process img {
  /* Show the full image (no cropping) */
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 56rem;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.case-study-challenge-banner {
  width: 100vw;
  max-width: 100vw;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  background: #5cb85c;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
}

.case-study-challenge-inner {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.case-study-challenge-banner h2 {
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-challenge-banner p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #111;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
  max-width: 62rem;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-challenge-banner {
    width: calc(100% + 2.5rem);
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: -1.25rem;
    margin-right: -1.25rem;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding: 3rem 1.25rem;
  }
}

/* Resonance — Brainstorming band (lavender, black type) */
.case-study-brainstorm-banner {
  width: 100vw;
  max-width: 100vw;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  background: #d1bbfd;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 3rem 0;
}

.case-study-brainstorm-content {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .case-study-brainstorm-content {
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
  }
}

.case-study-brainstorm-inner {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.case-study-brainstorm-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.2vw, 1.9rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: #111;
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-brainstorm-lead {
  margin: 0 0 1.35rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.2vw, 1.2rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: #111;
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-brainstorm-mark {
  display: block;
  max-width: min(32rem, 100%);
  margin: -5.6rem auto 1.6rem;
}

.case-study-brainstorm-quote {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 4vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: #111;
  text-align: center;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-brainstorm-banner {
    width: calc(100% + 2.5rem);
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: -1.25rem;
    margin-right: -1.25rem;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding: 3rem 0;
  }
}

/* Resonance — decision banner (lavender; sequential ellipsis) */
.case-study-decision-banner {
  width: 100vw;
  max-width: 100vw;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  background: #d1bbfd;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.case-study-decision-inner {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Define pill: left-aligned with Overview / Requirements / Brainstorm pills (not centered with heading) */
.case-study-decision-inner > .case-study-phase-label {
  display: block;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-decision-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 3.2vw, 1.85rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-decision-dots {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0.35rem 0 1rem;
  min-height: clamp(2.25rem, 6vw, 3.25rem);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5.5vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  color: #111;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.case-study-decision-dot {
  display: inline-block;
}

.case-study-decision-dot--1 {
  animation: case-study-decision-dot-1 2.4s infinite;
}

.case-study-decision-dot--2 {
  animation: case-study-decision-dot-2 2.4s infinite;
}

.case-study-decision-dot--3 {
  animation: case-study-decision-dot-3 2.4s infinite;
}

@keyframes case-study-decision-dot-1 {
  0%,
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes case-study-decision-dot-2 {
  0%,
  32% {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  33%,
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes case-study-decision-dot-3 {
  0%,
  65% {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  66%,
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .case-study-decision-dot--1,
  .case-study-decision-dot--2,
  .case-study-decision-dot--3 {
    animation: none;
    opacity: 1;
  }

  .case-study-decision-subtitle-text {
    animation: none;
    text-shadow: none;
    transform: none;
  }
}

.case-study-decision-subtitle {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3.2vw, 1.85rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-decision-subtitle-text {
  display: inline-block;
  animation: case-study-decision-subtitle-ripple 5.5s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes case-study-decision-subtitle-ripple {
  0%,
  100% {
    text-shadow:
      0 0 0 rgba(107, 63, 163, 0),
      0 0 0 rgba(209, 187, 253, 0);
    transform: translateZ(0) scale(1);
  }

  35% {
    text-shadow:
      0 0 2px rgba(107, 63, 163, 0.55),
      0 0 24px rgba(209, 187, 253, 0.75),
      0 0 48px rgba(107, 63, 163, 0.4),
      0 0 72px rgba(209, 187, 253, 0.22);
    transform: translateZ(0) scale(1.045);
  }

  55% {
    text-shadow:
      0 0 3px rgba(107, 63, 163, 0.65),
      0 0 32px rgba(209, 187, 253, 0.85),
      0 0 56px rgba(107, 63, 163, 0.45),
      0 0 88px rgba(209, 187, 253, 0.35),
      0 0 120px rgba(107, 63, 163, 0.2);
    transform: translateZ(0) scale(1.08);
  }

  75% {
    text-shadow:
      0 0 2px rgba(107, 63, 163, 0.4),
      0 0 18px rgba(209, 187, 253, 0.5),
      0 0 40px rgba(107, 63, 163, 0.28);
    transform: translateZ(0) scale(1.03);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-decision-banner {
    width: calc(100% + 2.5rem);
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: -1.25rem;
    margin-right: -1.25rem;
    padding: 3rem 1.25rem;
  }
}

/* Resonance — Idea 1 panel (diagram + Pros / Cons) */
.case-study-idea-panel {
  margin: 0 0 2.5rem;
  padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3.5vw, 2.5rem);
  background: #f2f0f6;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
  align-items: start;
}

@media (min-width: 56em) {
  .case-study-idea-panel-inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(0, 0.95fr);
    column-gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  }
}

.case-study-idea-panel-figure {
  margin: 0;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-figure .case-study-zoomable {
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.case-study-idea-panel-title {
  margin: 0 0 1.15rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.8vw, 1.65rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-title-accent {
  color: #6b3fa3;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-title-text {
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-subtitle {
  margin: 1.35rem 0 0.5rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.1vw, 1.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: #6b3fa3;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-copy .case-study-idea-panel-subtitle:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-list {
  margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
  color: #111;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.1rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-list li {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
}

.case-study-idea-panel-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.case-study-section h2 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-section p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-section p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Resonance — Hackathon Requirements (phase pill + hierarchy) */
.case-study-section--requirements > h2 {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.2vw, 1.9rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-section--requirements h3 {
  margin: 1.35rem 0 0.5rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2.55vw, 1.48rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  /* Lavender-violet (#d1bbfd family); ~6:1 on white — WCAG AA normal text (4.5:1) */
  color: #6b3fa3;
}

.case-study-section--requirements h2 + h3 {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.case-study-section--requirements > p {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.1vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Test section — body copy matches Challenge / Research / User Journey / Define scale */
#test.case-study-section > p:not(.case-study-ideate-eyebrow) {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

#test.case-study-section ol li {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* Outcomes — extra space below title; body scale matches Test; pencil prefix per paragraph */
#outcomes.case-study-section .case-study-prototype-title {
  margin-bottom: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.5rem);
}

#outcomes.case-study-section > p {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.case-study-outcomes-pencil {
  margin-right: 0.35em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Guiding Guardians: Research block typography (match The Challenge scale) */
#research .case-study-research-inner > h2 {
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

/* Only the Research Objectives list — not Insights Gathered inside the callout */
#research .case-study-research-inner > ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin: 0 0 2.75rem;
}

#research li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.6rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

#research li::before {
  content: "✏️";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.05rem;
}

#research li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#research.case-study-research-band {
  width: 100vw;
  max-width: 100vw;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  background: var(--bg);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  /* Tighter bottom so Surveying sits closer under the green callout */
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem 1.75rem;
}

.case-study-research-inner {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: left;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  #research.case-study-research-band {
    width: calc(100% + 2.5rem);
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: -1.25rem;
    margin-right: -1.25rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  }
}

#research .case-study-callout {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.case-study-callout--competitive {
  position: relative;
  width: 100vw;
  max-width: 100vw;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
  background: #5cb85c;
  color: #111;
  /* Green band: equal top/bottom padding around competitive + Insights content */
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.case-study-callout-inner {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.case-study-callout--competitive::before {
  display: none;
}

.case-study-callout--competitive h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-callout--competitive p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  color: #111;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.case-study-callout--competitive p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Insights card inside competitive analysis — white panel on extended green */
.case-study-callout--competitive .case-study-insights {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-top: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.25rem);
  padding-bottom: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.25rem);
  padding-left: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  padding-right: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 0.35rem 1.75rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-insights h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-insights p {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: #111;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.case-study-insights ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.35rem;
}

.case-study-insights li {
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-insights li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Surveying — after research / green callout, before Define (page background) */
.case-study-survey-standalone {
  margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
  padding-top: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 3rem);
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  text-align: left;
}

.case-study-survey-standalone-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-survey-standalone > p {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.case-study-survey-figure {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

.case-study-survey-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 40rem;
  height: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(92, 184, 92, 0.4);
  box-shadow: 0 0.25rem 1.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

/* Interview insights — image + text grid, eyebrow, title, intro, pencil list */
.case-study-discover-block {
  margin: 4.5rem auto 2.5rem;
  padding: clamp(2.25rem, 5vw, 3.5rem) 0;
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  text-align: left;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.case-study-discover-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  /* Vertically center the image column against the text block */
  align-items: center;
}

.case-study-discover-content {
  min-width: 0;
}

.case-study-discover-figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 48em) {
  .case-study-discover-figure {
    margin-top: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  }
}

.case-study-discover-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(92, 184, 92, 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 0.25rem 1.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-discover-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .case-study-discover-figure {
    max-width: 28rem;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }
}

/* Compound selector so paragraph typography can’t override this eyebrow */
.case-study-discover-block .case-study-discover-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.35vw, 1.125rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #5cb85c;
}

.case-study-discover-title {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-discover-intro {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.case-study-discover-intro p {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-discover-intro p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.case-study-discover-intro a {
  color: #2563eb;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.12em;
}

.case-study-discover-intro a:hover,
.case-study-discover-intro a:focus-visible {
  color: #1d4ed8;
}

.case-study-discover-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.case-study-discover-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.65vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: #1a2d45;
}

.case-study-discover-list li::before {
  content: "✏️";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.05rem;
}

.case-study-discover-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.case-study-discover-em {
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
  color: inherit;
}

/* Define — top eyebrow (same as “Discover the problem” on interview block) */
.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-problem-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.35vw, 1.125rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #5cb85c;
}

/* Define — “The Problem”, “Persona” (same display title style) */
.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-title {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-intro {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.35vw, 1.125rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #5cb85c;
}

.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.65vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: #1a2d45;
}

.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-list li::before {
  content: "✏️";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.05rem;
}

.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.case-study-define-section .case-study-define-list strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: inherit;
}

/* Persona — label + quote row (navy, inspired by persona / quote layout) */
.case-study-define-persona-quote-block {
  margin-top: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 3.5rem);
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
}

/* Persona h3 — same display title as “The Problem” (h2), black text */
.case-study-define-persona-quote-block .case-study-define-persona-quote-heading {
  margin: 0 0 clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem);
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-define-persona-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 3.25rem);
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
}

.case-study-define-persona-quote {
  margin: 0;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 46rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 3.1vw, 1.75rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #111;
  text-align: left;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* One flowing paragraph — no forced line breaks or stacked blocks */
.case-study-define-persona-quote p.case-study-define-persona-quote-text {
  margin: 0;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.case-study-define-persona-figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.case-study-define-persona-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 64rem;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: auto;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  border: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 0.25rem 1.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-define-persona-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .case-study-define-persona-quote {
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}

.case-study-define-hmw {
  margin: clamp(7rem, 14vw, 10rem) auto 0;
  padding: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem) 0 0;
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  width: 100%;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 3.1vw, 1.75rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: center;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-define-solution-title {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-define-solution-intro {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 64rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-define-solution-intro strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: inherit;
}

.case-study-section .case-study-ideate-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.35vw, 1.125rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #5cb85c;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.case-study-section .case-study-ideate-title {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.case-study-ideate-subtitle {
  margin: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.5rem) 0 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.7vw, 1.9rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-wireframe-carousel {
  position: relative;
  margin-top: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem);
}

.case-study-wireframe-track {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 52rem;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);
  background: #fff;
}

.case-study-wireframe-track .case-study-wireframe-slide {
  display: none;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: zoom-in;
  image-rendering: auto;
}

.case-study-wireframe-track .case-study-wireframe-slide.is-active {
  display: block;
}

.case-study-wireframe-slide img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.case-study-wireframe-nav {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  z-index: 2;
  width: 2.25rem;
  height: 2.25rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  color: #111;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.case-study-wireframe-prev {
  left: 0.5rem;
}

.case-study-wireframe-next {
  right: 0.5rem;
}

.case-study-user-journey-title {
  margin: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.25rem) 0 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.5rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-user-journey-copy {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 64rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-user-journey-copy strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: inherit;
}

.case-study-user-journey-flow {
  color: #5cb85c;
}

/* Test — Copy clarity: 3-column grid matches card | gap | card in the PNG; label centered in each side column */
.case-study-copy-revision {
  margin: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem) auto 0;
  padding: 0;
  max-width: min(100%, 52rem);
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.case-study-copy-revision-stack {
  display: grid;
  /* Between 9/10/9 and 9/9/10 so “Revised” sits halfway back toward the right */
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 9fr) minmax(0, 9.5fr) minmax(0, 9.5fr);
  grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  column-gap: 0;
  row-gap: clamp(0.35rem, 1.2vw, 0.5rem);
  width: 100%;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.case-study-copy-revision-labels-row {
  display: contents;
}

.case-study-copy-revision-label {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.2vw, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-align: center;
  justify-self: stretch;
}

.case-study-copy-revision-label--original {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-copy-revision-label--revised {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-copy-revision img {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  grid-row: 2;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.case-study-test-revisions-list .case-study-test-revision-item-text {
  margin: 0 0 0.25rem;
}

.case-study-test-revisions-list .case-study-test-revision-item--copy {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.case-study-test-revision-item--question-display {
  margin-top: clamp(0.85rem, 2.5vw, 1.35rem);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.case-study-test-revision-item--example-format {
  margin-top: clamp(0.85rem, 2.5vw, 1.35rem);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

/* Question display — Original | arrow | Revised (matches copy-clarity label grid) */
.case-study-question-display-figure {
  margin: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem) auto 0;
  padding: 0;
  max-width: min(100%, 52rem);
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.case-study-question-display-stack {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 9fr) minmax(0, 9.5fr) minmax(0, 9.5fr);
  grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  row-gap: clamp(0.35rem, 1.2vw, 0.5rem);
  column-gap: 0;
  align-items: stretch;
  width: 100%;
}

.case-study-question-display-label {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.2vw, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-align: center;
  justify-self: stretch;
}

.case-study-question-display-label--original {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-question-display-label-gap {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  align-self: stretch;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
}

.case-study-question-display-label--revised {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 1;
}

/* Keep Original / Revised on the same vertical band (flex centers text in a shared min-height) */
.case-study-copy-revision-label--original,
.case-study-copy-revision-label--revised,
.case-study-question-display-label--original,
.case-study-question-display-label--revised,
.case-study-example-format-label--original,
.case-study-example-format-label--revised,
.case-study-input-affordance-label--original,
.case-study-input-affordance-label--revised {
  align-self: stretch;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
}

.case-study-question-display-images {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  grid-row: 2;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  column-gap: clamp(0.5rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
}

.case-study-question-display-img {
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.case-study-question-display-img--original {
  grid-column: 1;
  justify-self: end;
  width: auto;
}

.case-study-question-display-arrow {
  grid-column: 2;
  display: block;
  width: clamp(2.25rem, 7vw, 3.75rem);
  height: auto;
}

.case-study-question-display-img--revised {
  grid-column: 3;
  justify-self: start;
  width: auto;
}

/* Example format — wider than question display so the revised bubble is easier to read */
.case-study-example-format-figure {
  margin: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem) auto 0;
  padding: 0;
  max-width: min(100%, 68rem);
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.case-study-example-format-stack {
  display: grid;
  /* Same columns for labels + images so “Revised” centers over the right mockup */
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.78fr) auto minmax(0, 1.32fr);
  grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  row-gap: clamp(0.35rem, 1.2vw, 0.5rem);
  column-gap: clamp(0.5rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
  align-items: stretch;
  width: 100%;
}

.case-study-example-format-label {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.2vw, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-align: center;
  justify-self: stretch;
}

.case-study-example-format-label--original {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-example-format-label-gap {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  align-self: stretch;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
}

.case-study-example-format-label--revised {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-example-format-images {
  display: contents;
}

.case-study-example-format-img {
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.case-study-example-format-img--original {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 2;
  justify-self: end;
  align-self: center;
  width: auto;
}

.case-study-example-format-arrow {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 2;
  display: block;
  width: clamp(2.25rem, 7vw, 3.75rem);
  height: auto;
  align-self: center;
}

.case-study-example-format-img--revised {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 2;
  justify-self: start;
  align-self: center;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

/* Input affordance — Original | arrow | Revised (unified grid; assets are ~equal width) */
.case-study-test-revision-item--input-affordance {
  margin-top: clamp(0.85rem, 2.5vw, 1.35rem);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-figure {
  margin: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.75rem) auto 0;
  padding: 0;
  max-width: min(100%, 68rem);
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-stack {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  row-gap: clamp(0.35rem, 1.2vw, 0.5rem);
  column-gap: clamp(0.5rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
  align-items: stretch;
  width: 100%;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-label {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.2vw, 1.125rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-align: center;
  justify-self: stretch;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-label--original {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-label-gap {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  align-self: stretch;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-label--revised {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-images {
  display: contents;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-img {
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-img--original {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 2;
  justify-self: center;
  align-self: center;
  width: auto;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-arrow {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 2;
  display: block;
  width: clamp(2.25rem, 7vw, 3.75rem);
  height: auto;
  align-self: center;
}

.case-study-input-affordance-img--revised {
  grid-column: 3;
  grid-row: 2;
  justify-self: center;
  align-self: center;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  /* Copy revision */
  .case-study-copy-revision-stack {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto auto auto auto;
  }

  .case-study-copy-revision-label--original {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .case-study-copy-revision img {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
  }

  /* Question display */
  .case-study-question-display-stack {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .case-study-question-display-label--original {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .case-study-question-display-label-gap {
    display: none;
  }

  .case-study-question-display-label--revised {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 3;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .case-study-question-display-images {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto auto;
    justify-items: center;
    row-gap: 0.75rem;
  }

  .case-study-question-display-img--original {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  .case-study-question-display-arrow {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .case-study-question-display-img--revised {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 3;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  /* Example format */
  .case-study-example-format-stack {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .case-study-example-format-label--original {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  .case-study-example-format-label-gap {
    display: none;
  }

  .case-study-example-format-label--revised {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 3;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  .case-study-example-format-img--original {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  .case-study-example-format-arrow {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 4;
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .case-study-example-format-img--revised {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 5;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  /* Input affordance */
  .case-study-input-affordance-stack {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .case-study-input-affordance-label--original {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  .case-study-input-affordance-label-gap {
    display: none;
  }

  .case-study-input-affordance-label--revised {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 3;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  .case-study-input-affordance-img--original {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
    justify-self: center;
  }

  .case-study-input-affordance-arrow {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 4;
    transform: rotate(90deg);
  }

  .case-study-input-affordance-img--revised {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 5;
    justify-self: center;
  }
}

/* Key insights list — custom numbers (green, larger) centered with first row of content, not with media below */
.case-study-section ol.case-study-test-revisions-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  counter-reset: test-rev;
}

.case-study-test-revisions-list li {
  counter-increment: test-rev;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(2.25rem, 2.75rem) minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 0.5rem;
  row-gap: 0;
  align-items: start;
}

.case-study-test-revisions-list li::before {
  content: counter(test-rev) ".";
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
  align-self: center;
  justify-self: start;
  color: #5cb85c;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.35em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.case-study-test-revisions-list li > *:nth-child(1) {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.case-study-test-revisions-list li > *:nth-child(2) {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 2;
}

.case-study-prototype-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: #111;
}

.case-study-prototype-video {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.case-study-prototype-video video {
  min-height: min(70vh, 560px);
  max-height: 80vh;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.case-study-define-solution-band {
  width: 100vw;
  max-width: 100vw;
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
  margin-top: clamp(2.25rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  padding: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem) 1.75rem;
  background: #5fa85f;
}

.case-study-define-solution-band .case-study-define-solution-title,
.case-study-define-solution-band .case-study-define-solution-intro {
  max-width: var(--container-max);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-define-solution-band {
    width: calc(100% + 2.5rem);
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: -1.25rem;
    margin-right: -1.25rem;
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  }
}

.case-study-competitive-img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 64rem;
  margin: 1.25rem auto 0;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
}

.case-study-zoomable {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: zoom-in;
}

.case-study-zoomable:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 4px;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
}

.case-study-lightbox {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  display: none;
}

.case-study-lightbox.is-open {
  display: block;
}

.case-study-lightbox-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
}

.case-study-lightbox-panel {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 1.25rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: auto;
}

.case-study-lightbox-img {
  max-width: min(96vw, 1024px);
  max-height: 88vh;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  background: #fff;
  cursor: zoom-in;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
  transform-origin: center;
}

.case-study-lightbox-img.is-zoomed {
  transform: scale(2);
  cursor: zoom-out;
}

.case-study-lightbox-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.25rem;
  right: 0.25rem;
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  color: #111;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  line-height: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.case-study-lightbox-close:hover,
.case-study-lightbox-close:focus-visible {
  background: #fff;
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-lightbox-panel {
    inset: 0.75rem;
  }

  .case-study-lightbox-img {
    max-height: 84vh;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 47.9375em) {
  .case-study-callout--competitive {
    width: calc(100% + 2.5rem);
    max-width: none;
    margin-left: -1.25rem;
    margin-right: -1.25rem;
    /* Equal vertical padding on green band (matches desktop) */
    padding: 3rem 1.25rem;
  }
}

.case-study-quote {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  padding-left: 1rem;
  margin: 1rem 0;
}

.case-study-section ul,
.case-study-section ol {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.case-study-section li {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.case-study-section li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* --- Case study scroll reveals (project-4) --- */
.reveal-hidden {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity 0.55s ease-out, transform 0.55s ease-out;
}

.reveal-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* When both classes are present, visible state wins (higher specificity than .reveal-hidden alone) */
.reveal-hidden.reveal-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Design process: fade + subtle scale */
.case-study-design-process.reveal-hidden {
  transform: translateY(20px) scale(0.97);
  transition: opacity 0.7s ease-out, transform 0.7s ease-out;
}

.case-study-design-process.reveal-hidden.reveal-visible {
  transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}

/* Competitive callout: single unit fade + scale */
.case-study-callout.reveal-hidden {
  transform: translateY(20px) scale(0.98);
  transition: opacity 0.65s ease-out, transform 0.65s ease-out;
}

.case-study-callout.reveal-hidden.reveal-visible {
  transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}

/* --- Mobile refinements: hero sparkles don’t crowd text --- */
@media (max-width: 30em) {
  .hero-sparkles {
    width: min(10rem, 42vw);
    opacity: 0.5;
  }

  .hero-sparkles-left {
    left: 2%;
  }

  .hero-sparkles-right {
    right: 2%;
  }
}

/* --- Respect reduced motion --- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  .hero-scroll-letter {
    animation: none;
  }

  .hero-scroll-caret-icon {
    animation: none;
  }

  .project-card a:hover,
  .project-card a:focus-visible {
    transform: none;
  }

  .reveal-hidden,
  .reveal-visible {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }
}